Battery repair problems for electric forklifts and aerial work platforms

Commonly used batteries are mainly divided into four categories, namely, ordinary batteries, dry-charged batteries, wet-charged batteries, and maintenance-free batteries. Ordinary battery The plate of an ordinary battery is composed of lead and lead oxides, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid. Its main advantages are stable voltage and low price; its disadvantages are low specific energy (that is, electric energy stored per kilogram of battery), short service life and frequent routine maintenance. The full name of dry-charged battery is dry-charged lead-acid battery. Its main feature is that the negative plate has a higher power storage capacity. In a completely dry state, it can save the obtained power within two years. Need to add electrolyte, wait for 20-30 minutes before use. The electrode plate of the wet-charged battery is in a charged state, with a small amount of electrolyte, and most of the electrolyte is sucked into a battery stored in the separator and the electrode plate. Maintenance-free storage battery The maintenance-free storage battery consumes very little electrolyte due to its structural advantages, and basically does not need to be supplemented with distilled water during its service life. It also has the characteristics of shock resistance, high temperature resistance, small size, and small self-discharge. The service life is generally twice that of ordinary batteries. There are also two types of maintenance-free batteries on the market: the first is that the electrolyte is added once at the time of purchase, and there is no need to maintain it during use (add supplementary fluid); the other is that the battery itself has been filled with electrolyte and sealed when it leaves the factory. , The user cannot add refill at all. The maintenance-free storage battery can also be used for supplementary charging, and the charging method is basically the same as that of ordinary storage batteries. When charging, the voltage of each cell should be limited to 2.3-2.4V. Note that charging with conventional charging methods will consume more water, and the charging current should be slightly smaller (below 5A) during charging. Fast charging is not allowed, otherwise, the battery may explode and cause injury. When the hydrometer of a maintenance-free battery is displayed in amber or red, it means that the battery is close to being scrapped, and its service life will not be long even if it is recharged. Charging at this time can only be used as an emergency measure. Correct maintenance The correct use and maintenance of the battery mainly include the following 7 points: 1. Check whether the fixing bolts of the battery on the bracket are tightened. If the installation is not secure, the shell will be damaged due to driving vibration. In addition, do not put metal objects on the battery to prevent short circuit. 2. Always check whether the pole and the terminal are connected reliably. To prevent oxidation of the terminal, a protective agent such as petroleum jelly can be applied. 3. Do not use direct ignition (short circuit test) method to check the battery power. This will cause damage to the battery. 4. For ordinary lead-acid batteries, add distilled water regularly. It is best to charge dry-charged batteries properly before use. As for the maintenance-free battery that can be filled with water, it is not that it cannot be maintained properly. Adding distilled water when necessary helps to extend the service life. 5. The air holes on the battery cover should be unobstructed. A large number of bubbles will be generated when the battery is charged. If the vent is blocked, the gas cannot escape. When the pressure increases to a certain level, the battery shell will burst. 6. There is often a yellowish-white paste around the battery pole and cover, which is caused by the sulfuric acid corroding the pole, line card, fixing frame, etc. These materials have high electrical resistance and must be removed in time. 7. When two batteries need to be used in series, the capacity of the batteries should be equal. Otherwise, the service life of the battery will be affected. Maintenance-free battery repair method 1. Receive the battery and make a record, ask about the situation, and put a label on it. 2. Make a repair record and measure the open circuit voltage. 3. For the battery in normal use, the voltage should not be lower than 11 volts. If it is lower than 11 volts, there is a possibility of disconnection. Such as long-term storage of batteries can be. If the battery is higher than 9 volts, you can charge it first, if the battery is lower than 9 volts, add water first to repair, and then charge when the voltage is higher than 9 volts. 4. If the battery becomes hot during charging. It shows that the battery plate is softened. If the battery is slightly softened, it can be repaired, but severely softened cannot be repaired. Slight heating can stop charging and wait for the temperature to drop before charging. 5. Perform capacity test after fully charged. During the detection process, the battery cell can be measured. The positive electrode of the multimeter is connected to the positive electrode of the battery, and the negative electrode is connected to the tin bar (insert the tin bar into the first cell). Grid off grid. The normal voltage should be above 1.5 volts. If the battery is broken, it cannot be repaired.