Failure analysis of hydraulic power steering system of electric forklift

Introduction: Forklifts for industrial handling vehicles play a very important role in the logistics system of enterprises. They are widely used in various sectors of the national economy such as stations, ports, airports, factories, and warehouses. They are used for mechanized loading and unloading, stacking and short-distance transportation. Efficient equipment. The limitations of the forklift's work site and its own working performance determine that it turns extremely frequently during operation. Therefore, its steering performance is closely related to the safe driving of the forklift, work efficiency and the driver's labor intensity. The steering performance of a forklift depends to a large extent on the performance of the steering system. Researching and improving the performance of the steering system is of great significance for improving the steering characteristics. The steering system of a forklift is mainly composed of a steering gear and a steering transmission mechanism. The steering gear is divided into spherical worm roller type, worm crank pin type, recirculating ball type and worm worm wheel type. The steering transmission mechanism is also divided into mechanical and hydraulic assist type. The hydraulic power steering system is a commonly used steering system for forklifts. However, because the hydraulic steering system has a higher failure rate than the mechanical steering system, and the failure is not easy to judge, it is necessary to strengthen the study of this knowledge in order to correctly use and maintain the hydraulic steering system and reduce Its failure rate. Main body of the text: We know that the hydraulic power steering system adds a hydraulic booster to the mechanical steering system. The hydraulic booster is mainly composed of hydraulic pump, overflow valve, distribution valve, steering gear, hydraulic steering cylinder, oil pipe, hydraulic oil tank, etc. It uses hydraulic oil as the power transmission medium, and the hydraulic pump generates power to push the mechanical steering gear to achieve steering. Since it relies on hydraulic oil to transmit power, sealing technology plays a pivotal role and is the key to ensuring the performance of the hydraulic system. In addition, the quality of the hydraulic pump, the amount of hydraulic oil, and whether it is clean or not have a great impact on the hydraulic steering mechanism. Therefore, these problems cannot be ignored in use and maintenance. This article only analyzes and judges the faults of the hydraulic power steering system. In fact, it is to analyze the leakage of the common hydraulic transmission part, the air or oil in the oil circuit, the poor working of the hydraulic pump, the failure of the steering gear and the oil cylinder, etc., which cause heavy steering and running. Analyze and judge faults such as deviation, not walking in a straight line, snake-like driving, steering wheel slippage, inaccurate and unstable steering, steering wheel shock or rebound, damage to the steering element, abnormal noise when steering. Heavy steering (such as slow steering, heavy steering or stuck when the forklift is driving at low speed) Trouble phenomenon: Under normal circumstances, the steering of a vehicle with a hydraulic booster is very light. If you feel heavy steering or suddenly unable to turn the direction during operation, it is an abnormal phenomenon. Reasons for failure: 1. The hydraulic oil tank is short of oil or the oil filter is blocked. 2. There is air in the oil circuit. 3. The hydraulic pump is worn, the internal leakage is serious, and the oil suction port is blocked, which makes the hydraulic pump inefficient, or the drive belt is slipping. 4. The overflow valve is leaking, the spring is too soft or the adjustment is improper. 5. The hydraulic steering cylinder or the rubber seal of the distribution valve is damaged. 6. The oil pipe joints are leaking or the sealing ring is damaged and the oil pipe is blocked. Diagnosis and troubleshooting: 1. Check whether the drive belt of the hydraulic pump is slipping or whether the gear transmission of other drive forms is damaged. 2. Check whether the oil level of the hydraulic oil tank is too low or dirty. If the oil tank is short of oil, add enough oil. If the hydraulic oil is dirty, replace and clean the oil tank. 3. Check whether the steering gear, overflow valve, hydraulic pump, hydraulic cylinder, oil pipe joints, etc. are leaking. If it leaks or is damaged, it should be sealed tightly or replaced. 4. If you find that there is air in the oil circuit, you can electric pallet lift truck or erect the steering bridge or remove the direct rod, start the lithium pallet truck to run at a low speed, and repeatedly turn the steering wheel from one end to another, so that the hydraulic cylinder is in full The stroke makes a reciprocating movement to gradually exhaust the air in the oil circuit. Finally, add hydraulic oil to the specified height. 5. Check whether the hydraulic pump, overflow valve (proportional valve), and hydraulic steering cylinder are in good condition. If they are damaged, they should be repaired or replaced.
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